The idiot light doesn't tell you much other than the system is not charging. Most likely is a failed alternator that perhaps was having problems that caused your previous battery to run down. You could check the voltage at the battery prior to starting the engine and then afterwards and you should notice a rise in voltage.
However, even with a rise in voltage the alternator could still be bad due to failed diodes internal to the alternator. When the diodes go out, often the battery will run down overnight (or perhaps a day or two) and the alternator can appear to still be working. Diodes can be tested and the alternator often will output a low voltage AC voltage when there is a bad diode(s) which can be detected with a voltage meter set to AC (and a low voltage setting), however replacing the diodes isn't a common repair as they are internal to the alternator.
Before I replaced the alternator, I would check the connections, grounds, belts, etc. just to make sure that there isn't another problem. ~CA
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2010 GreyHawk 31SS
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