I do not know the diesel electronics but can give some thoughts about a gas engine version.
If your alternator failed, which I have had happen on my old dually, the only thing that "should" happen is that you no longer would be charging the battery. This happened to my wife while driving the dually. She basically ignored the warning gauge until the battery died.
So I would say a sudden loss of alternator would not cause these symptoms. Next thought, battery. Well, if that somehow got disconnected the alternator, in theory, would be able to keep things alive.
Electronics these days are mostly tied into the computer which can make things hard to diagnose. At the very least I would check both ends of both battery cables for solid connections.
Many years ago my son had a fairly new Duramax. We had just exited Pismo Beach sand dunes and had a somewhat rough ride out. His warning system was going crazy for some unknown reason. We thought we were screwed. Turned the engine off for a bit and restarted and everything was fine. I don't think he had any problems after that.
Maybe the cause was like in the James Bond movie Golden Eye. An electromagnetic pulse from a sub-orbital nuclear explosion.