The group numbers are part of the internationally approved list of battery case sizes. I believe they are called BCI group numbers. The groups are based on the type of battery, the actual battery case size and where the terminals are positioned.
There are specific group numbers for 12Volt and 6Volt batteries. Since the cases are bigger they usually have thicker plates in them... more Ah's
The Group size was created so companies could design their equipment around standard battery sizes.
The common Trojan T105 (golf-cart) battery is a group CG2 and fits in the larger standard battery storage case, usually displayed as a group 27 size case.
We have a new Hummingbird 17RK (upgrade from an A Frame). We are considering buying a 12v AGM battery (keeping the stock battery as a backup). I want extended usage (AH) for the times we do not have hookups. We camp frequently in National Parks, and in state parks. We have a 50 day trip planned for the Pacific NW. I have read that AGM batteries are prone to damage when overcharged. Any thoughts on how an AGM battery would would work for our situation. Would the AGM be prone to overcharging when on "shore power"? How do you properly maintain and use an AGM. Would a conventional Deep Cycle battery be a better option?